Engine-cooling system



Original Filed July 22, 1921 OOOOOO OOOOOOOO OOOOOO 5. 4 A TTORNEY Patented June 24, 1930 v I HARRY o. MAL'LORY, OF NEW YORK,'1\T. Y.; sue a. "MAL-L015? ADMINISTRATRIX or SAID HARRY o. MALLOEY,-DECEASED r ENGINE-COOLING SYSTEM original application filed July 22, isans r ai No. 426,635.] magazine this application filed March 23,

1923. Serial No. 627,014.

My present invention consists. in an improved methodof and apparatus for cooling especially devised for use incooling the cylg inders of internal combustion engines used on automobiles, aeroplanes and the like. The general object of my present invention is to provide an effective method of and apparatus for th'e'purposes specified characterized bythe provisions made for obtaining a forced flow or circulation of cooling liquid through the engine cooling jacket or other cooling receptacle under conditions tending to eliminate or minimize the formation of air and vapor pockets in the acket, and for .vaporizinga portion of the cooling liquid outside of the jacket, and for dis sipating the necessary heat in a condenser 1n which the vapor produced is condensed.

Preferably the circulation through the jack-Y et is regulated by varying the temperature, or rateof flow, or both temperature andrate of flow of the cooling 'liquid'entering. the jacket so as to maintain an approximately constant temperature in theupper and hottest portion of the latter notwithstanding variations in load or thetemperature of the external atmosphere. p i 1 I In a preferred mode, of carrying out the invention, I .pass both the vapor generated and all or a portion of the. cooling liquid not vaporized by heat absorbed in. the engine jacket directly into the condenser, from the hotWell of -Which the mixture of unvaporized liquid and liquid of condensation formed inthe condenser are-returned to the jacket by a suitable circulating pump, and maintain a liquid pressureflin the jacket appreciably higher than the pressure main-' tained in the condenser so thauW-hen the pressure of the liquid is reduced in its pas? sage from the jacket to the condenser a portion of theliquid bursts into vapor. I

provide means for automaticallyregulating the circulation so as to maintain the desired approximately constant temperature at the top of the acket. T This I accomplish by increasing or decreasing the temperature of the Water returned to the jacket from the condenser as'required to maintain the desired temperature in the jacket.

In my application, Serial No. 486,685, filed J uly 22,1921, ofwhich the-present application is a division, I have disclosed and generically claimed various methods and arrangements for regulating the temperature at which the cooling liquid is supplied to the jacket inlet. In the arrangement speci fically claimed in the present case, I employ a bypass connection about the condenser be tween'the' jacket outlet and pump inlet, and thus make the liquid passed to the jacket in? let, a mixtureof relatively hot liquid sup-' plied through the bypass, and of relatively cool liquid drawn from the condenser hot Well, in proportions Which may be varied automatically in response to'conditions of operation, as bymeans of a thermostatically controlled valve mechanism; V

The various features of novelty .which characterize my invention are pointed out with particularity in the claims annexedto and forming a part of this specification. For a better understanding of the invention, however, and the advantages possessed by it, reference should be had to the accompanying drawings and descriptive matter in which I have illustrated and described gine equipped With my'improved cooling i system;

Fig. 2 1; and o I j Fig. 3 is a sectionalelevation of a portion of the piping and control mechanismem ployed in Fig. 1. 9 In the apparatus shown, A represents the cooling liquid jacket for the cylinders A of an ordinary internal combustion automobile engine. An inlet A is provided at the bottom'fof thejacket space for the; cooling liquid'vvhich Will ordinarily be -W'ater,or' a Waterand alcohol mixture. A represents an upper outlet from the jacket. Asjsl vvn the outlet-A opens from the emerge the j acket'spacenear the top. The aCketb'ut? let A is connected to the top of a condenser C by'piping. comprising sections B, B and is a section on the line:2-2 of Fig.

' As shown the nozzle-1B nected together the condenser beingin this respect as'it may be in its entirety, similar in construction to the ordinary air cooled Tadiator employed on an automobile having the ordinary water circulating engine cooling system. Advantageously, however, the condenser C is of the special construction shown, having the bank of tubes G spaced Y away from the top edge of thecondenser to provide the chamber G I -nelsC from the bottomedge of the condenser to provide a hotwell C and spaced away from theside edges of the condenser to provide steam distributing and water flow channels C extending vertically downward from the chamber C to the chamber 0*. A. bafile C covers the top of the bank of tubes C and serves to divert the unvaporized liquid and vapor entering the condenser from the nozzle B to the channels C Advantageously rain plates C are arranged within the bank of tubes as shown todivert water of condensation formed in the intertube space above these rain plates into the, chan- D represents the outlet pipe for liquid running from the hotwell space G of the condenser to the inlet of the circulating pump, The outlet fronrthe latter is connected by a, pipe D to the jacket inlet A. A check valve D in the pipe D pre- I vents the jacket :A from draining into the hotwell of the condenser when the circui lating pump stops. The circulating pump,

which maybe of the rotary type commonly employed as acirculating device'in liquid cooling systems, may :be driven from. the

engine shaft by the reduction gear E which,

' through the belt G, also drives a fan G for drawing air through the open ended tubes C. V I V f In the construction illustrated air is withdrawn from the condenser by means of an air pipe H running from'the condenser to the suction intake manifold A of the engineor other air exhausting device capable of exerting the desired suction on the pipe H. iAs shown the pipe H extendsinto the condenser. and is provided within the latter with fan orifice H at its under side through which air may pass out of the condenser'but into which water of condensation will not fall. The pipe H may include an air valve C is shown as comprising and spaced away I preventing the outflow of steam and was 7 ter, while permitting the escape ot'air from the condenser through the pipe H.

The valve casing 13 comprises a chamber B forming a thoroughfare between the pipe sections B and-Biand a second chamber B connected to the chamber B by the valve seated port B The chamber B in conjunction .withapipeBK, forms. a

bypass about the condenser and the expansion nozzle section B to theinlet side of the 'pump E. The check valve D is placed in the pipe D between the condenser and the junction with the pipe D with the'lbypass B. The fiow through the bypass is controlled by a valve memberK carried by an expansible bellows thermostatic element K located in the thoroughfare B. In the particular construction shown a stem J 7 connects the valve member K to the end of a bellows K located in. the chamber B and having its lower end anchored to the corresponding wall of the chamber B; The purpose of the bellows K which is of the same diameter as the bellows K is to minimize the effect onthethermostatic valve mechanism of pressure fluctuations in the pressure of the clrculating liquid.

In the contemplated mode of operation of theapparatus shown, the 'valve K will be off its seat and the liquid leaving the jacket willpass wholly, or mainly, back to the jacket through the bypass pipe B solong jacket is below that which the apparatus is as the temperature of the liquid leavingthe designed to maintain. When the liquid leaving the jacket rises to the maximum val ue desired, the thermostat K expands and seats the valve K whereupon more or less of the liquid is diverted from the bypass into the condenserC. The pressure of theliquid leaving the jacket through the outletA is reduced asthe liquid passes through the pip ing B, B and B the bulk of the pressure drop occurring at the orifice b in the parties ular construction illustrated. lVhen this reduction in pressure occurs, a portion of the liquid, when heated as it will be innormal operatiomis converted into'vapor, and

the unvaporized residue of the liquidqis cooled to the temperature correspondingto the temperature of the saturated vaporof the liquid at the pressure maintained in the condenser. The amount of liquid passing through the orifice b which is converted into vapor will depend, of course, on the difference between the temperature of the liquid leaving the jacket and the tempera.-.

ture of saturated vapor of the liquid at the;

pressure in the condenser. The provision of the expansion nozzle B avoids an exces slve veloclty of steam and liquid discharge into the condenser. The liquid and; vapor enter ng the condenser C are directedfrom 1 the chamberc thereof into the channels C ,maximum cooling effect required.

from which the vapor passes into the intertube space of the condenser and is condensed, while the unvaporized liquid entering the top of the channels C passes through the latter into the hotwell C into which the liquid of condensation formed in the condenser eventually accumulates and from which the mixture of unvaporized liq-, uid entering the condenser and liquid of condensation formed therein is returned to the iacket. T

In practice the apparatus should be so designed that the condensing and cooling effect of the condenser C will be ample to make the condenser hotwell temperature at least as low as the minimum temperature at which the cooling liquid should be passed into the engine cooling jacket under any condition of operation. The temperatureof the liquid passed by the pump E to the jacket inlet A, will depend on the temperatures and relative volumes of the. comparatively hot liquid passing to the pump inlet through the bypass B, and of the relatively cool liquid passing to the pump inlet from the condenser hotwell. in the temperature at which the cooling liquid is passed into the jacket tends, of course, to a reduction or increase in the temperature of the cooling liquid 'whenit leaves the jacket.

The condenser C may be operated at all times under a vacuum, but the jacket temperature is not dependent on the exact dcgree of vacuum maintained provided, of-

course, that it is suflicient to furnish the Advan -V tageously, however, a vacuum relief valve L is provided which opens and admits air to the condenser when thevacuumtherein ex- ,maintained, if considered necessary,and in particular a temperature above 212 F. may be employed if desired. When the jacket temperature to be maintained is appreciably above 212 F. the pressure in the condenser may be equal to or above that of the atmos phere, and in such case the vacuum relief valve L need not be employed, and the outlet from the air valve I need not be connected to an air exhausting device.

Regardless of the cooling jacket temperature maintained, and notwithstanding the admission of air to the condenser through the vacuum relief valve L from time to time,

A reduction or increase While in accordance with the provisions I of ,the statutes I, have illustrated and described the best forms of my present invention now known to me,'it will be apparent to thoseskilled in the'artthat changes may be made in the form of my invention'without departing from the spirit of my invention as set forth in the appended claims, and that certain features of my invention may sometimes be-used to advantage without a corresponding use of other features. Having now described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is:

1. The Imethod of engine cooling which consists in passing a cooling liquid throughthe, engine jacket, dividing the liquid leaving the jacket into two portions, reducing the pressure of the liquid in oneof said portions and thereby converting some of that portion into vapor, condensing said vapor, mixing the resultant liquid of condensation and the unvaporized residue of said one portion of the liquid with the other portion of the liquid,-and returning said mixtureto'the engine jacket. 2. The method of engine cooling Which consists in passing a cooling liquid through the engine jacket, dividingthe liquid leaving thejacketinto two porti0'ns,'reducing the pressure of-the liquid inone of said por tions and thereby converting some of that portion into vapor, condensing said vapor, mixing. the resultant liquid of condensation and the unvaporized residue of said one portion of the liquid with the other-portion of the liquid in proportions varying automatically with the temperature at which the liquid leaves the jacket, and returning said mixture to the engine jacket.

3. In an engine cooling-system, the combination with an engine cooling jacket having a top outlet, of a condenser, a connection from said outlet to the condenser comprising a continuously restricted portion, and means for normally maintaining such a pressure differential at opposite sides of said restricted portion that some of the cooling liquid passing through said portion will flash into vapor, said means comprisinga pump for passing liquid from the bottom of the condenser into said jacket, and a bypass about the condenser connecting said top connection at the inlet side of said restricted portion to the inlet of thepump- 4:. In an engine cooling system, the combination with an engine cooling acket havtion from said outlet to the condenser com prising a continuously restricted portion,

and means for normally maintaining vsuch a pressure differential atopposit-e sides of said restricted portion that some or" the cooling liquid passing through said portion Will flash into vapor, said meanscomprising a pump for passing liquid from the bottom of the condenser into said-jacket, and "a regulable bypass about the condenser connecting said top connection at the inlet side ofsaid restricted portion to the inlet of the pump.

5. In an engine cooling system, the combination With an engine cooling jacket having a top outlet, of a condenser, a connection from said outlet to the condenser comprising a continuouslyrestricted portion, and means for normally:maintaining such a pressure differential at opposite sides of said restricted portion that some of the cooling liquid passing through said portion 'vs' illflash into vapor, said means comprising a punip for passing liquid from the bottom of the condenser into said jacket, a bypass aboutthe condenser connecting said top connection atthe inlet side of said'restricted portionto the inlet of the pump, and thermostatic means regulating the relative por tions of the liquid leaving the acket which pass through the condenser and bypass respectively. 1 I i 6. The method of engine cooling which comprises passing a cooling liquid in liquid form from the engine coolin'gjacliet to and through a condenser, subjecting the liquid passing through the condenser to a'substan-r,

tially continuous cooling and deaerating action, and returning the cooled and deaerated liquid to the engine jacket.

*7. In an engine-cooling system compris 'ing an engine cooling jacket and a condenser, means for passing a'cooling liquidin liquid formthrough said cooling acket' and 7 back to the latter through said condenser,

and means for subjecting the coolingliqui d passing through said condenser to 'asubstantially continuous 'deaerating action Signed at New York in the county of New 'Yorkand State of New Yorkthis 22nd day of March, A. D. 192).

- i HARRY C. MALLORY, 

